“In the sea of America’s health-care system, pharmacy benefit managers tend to be seen as destructive leviathans. Invisible to everyday patients, PBMs lurk beneath health-insurance companies and swim through nearly every prescription-drug transaction. They squeeze rebates out of drug manufacturers, pass most—but not all—of those rebates on to health insurers, pay the pharmacy for the drugs, and collect payments from the insurer. In doing so, they subtly shape the currents of American health care.” (And yes, that’s meant as a criticism.) The Atlantic: Invisible Middlemen Are Slowing Down American Health Care.

+ “As apps to help moms monitor their health proliferate, employers and insurers pay to keep tabs on the vast and valuable data.” WaPo: Tracking your pregnancy on an app may be more public than you think.